In the modern world, there are numerous ways to communicate that allow people to connect instantly regardless of geographical distance. However, these means often create only an illusion of closeness and do not replace meaningful face-to-face interaction. Today, a person can be completely isolated from offline social contact while still having a stable job, pursuing education, and not experiencing a sense of loneliness. In Japan, for example, there is the phenomenon of hikikomori—individuals who consciously choose a reclusive lifestyle. This category may also include members of religious communities, such as monks, who deliberately choose a path of solitude.
In contrast, many people who appear socially active—those who regularly communicate, work, and study—may experience profound inner loneliness. Despite having social circles and fulfilling social roles, they feel disconnected and uncomfortable in relationships, even when married or in long-term partnerships. It is no coincidence that Anton Chekhov remarked, “If you are afraid of loneliness, do not marry,” emphasizing that the physical presence of another person does not always eliminate inner isolation.
Such states may indicate partial dissatisfaction with life in certain areas while maintaining satisfaction in others. For example, a person may be content with their professional achievements but feel disappointment in their personal life or living conditions. The perception of these domains directly depends on an individual’s value system and personal worldview.
The concept of loneliness, like the concept of communication itself, remains complex and multifaceted. Its boundaries are blurred, and the degree to which it has been studied in psychology is still limited. The same applies to subjective well-being, which each person perceives and evaluates differently, depending on personal experience, environment, and internal reference points.
Nevertheless, the experience of loneliness has a significant impact on overall quality of life. As the sense of inner isolation intensifies, subjective life satisfaction tends to decrease. To cope effectively with such states, an individual approach and a deep understanding of the nature of loneliness in each specific case are required. Only through such careful consideration is it possible to build effective psychological work with this topic in professional practice.